Free Essays on Thomas Mores Utopia

Introduction The following work is intended to examine a classic piece of renaissance of literature titled â€Å"Utopia†. Sir Thomas More who was a key exponent of the renaissance humanist movement wrote the work utopia in the 16th century. The approach More used to develop this work was a fictuous approach. It was a brilliant method of getting his views on the political structure of Europe during the 16th century across. You see, because More’s social views were so radical for that period of time, had he came out with simply a non-fiction thesis on the issues at hand he would have been scrutinized. So what Sir Thomas More did in using a fictional approach was combined his inner struggle into two characters; Raphael Hythloday who was brought into the story as a philosopher who had traveled to an island named Utopia and a character with the same name as himself. When meeting the character of More, Hythloday told him about his adventures to this island and his encounters with the peo ple there. This island of Utopia was used in the story to contrast Sir Thomas Mores views on what would make an ideal society. The work â€Å"Utopia† compares More’s views with the state of England during the 16th century. Part 1 Utopia is seen as one of the greatest ideological writings in the history of politics. Sir Thomas More used this work to state his views on the make-up of an ideal society and at the same time examine the problems with European society at the time he was present there. Some of the important issues More discusses as being problems with European society include the use of capital punishment in reference to the crime of theft, â€Å"the enclosure movement†, poor political practices and the corruption of European society from Christian values. In 16th century England to my great surprise the crime of theft was treated as equal to the crime of murder. To imagine stealing a loaf of bread being equal to a homicide is a concept that... Free Essays on Thomas More's Utopia Free Essays on Thomas More's Utopia Introduction The following work is intended to examine a classic piece of renaissance of literature titled â€Å"Utopia†. Sir Thomas More who was a key exponent of the renaissance humanist movement wrote the work utopia in the 16th century. The approach More used to develop this work was a fictuous approach. It was a brilliant method of getting his views on the political structure of Europe during the 16th century across. You see, because More’s social views were so radical for that period of time, had he came out with simply a non-fiction thesis on the issues at hand he would have been scrutinized. So what Sir Thomas More did in using a fictional approach was combined his inner struggle into two characters; Raphael Hythloday who was brought into the story as a philosopher who had traveled to an island named Utopia and a character with the same name as himself. When meeting the character of More, Hythloday told him about his adventures to this island and his encounters with the peo ple there. This island of Utopia was used in the story to contrast Sir Thomas Mores views on what would make an ideal society. The work â€Å"Utopia† compares More’s views with the state of England during the 16th century. Part 1 Utopia is seen as one of the greatest ideological writings in the history of politics. Sir Thomas More used this work to state his views on the make-up of an ideal society and at the same time examine the problems with European society at the time he was present there. Some of the important issues More discusses as being problems with European society include the use of capital punishment in reference to the crime of theft, â€Å"the enclosure movement†, poor political practices and the corruption of European society from Christian values. In 16th century England to my great surprise the crime of theft was treated as equal to the crime of murder. To imagine stealing a loaf of bread being equal to a homicide is a concept that...

How to Fix a Dried out Sharpie

How to Fix a Dried out Sharpie A Sharpie is a great permanent marker, but its prone to drying out if you use it a lot or dont seal the cap perfectly. You cant wet the pen with water to get the ink flowing (a tip that works for water-based markers) because Sharpies rely on organic solvents to dissolve the ink and make it flow. So, before you throw out dead, dried-out Sharpies or other permanent markers, try this tip: Sharpie Rescue Materials 91% Rubbing AlcoholDried Out Sharpie Pen Permanent markers contain organic solvents, which are notoriously bad about evaporating away before you get a chance to use all of the ink. To rescue a dried pen, you need to replace the solvent. The easiest option is to use rubbing alcohol. If you can find 91% or 99% rubbing alcohol (either ethanol or isopropyl alcohol), those will be your best bet for fixing your marker. If you have access to other chemicals, you could also use another high-proof alcohol, xylene, or possibly acetone. You probably wont have great success with rubbing alcohol that contains a lot of water (75% or lower alcohol). 2 Easy Ways To Save a Sharpie There are two quick and easy ways to fix a dried Sharpie. The first is for emergency use, when you dont need a lot of ink or for the pen to last forever. Simply pour a bit of alcohol into a small container or the pen cap and soak the tip of the Sharpie in the liquid. Leave the pen in the alcohol for at least 30 seconds. This should dissolve enough ink to get it flowing again. Wipe any excess liquid off the nib of the pen before using it or else the ink could be runny or paler than usual. A better method, which makes the Sharpie good as new, is to: Grasp the pen in your hands and either pull it open or use pliers to separate the two parts of the pen. Youll have a long portion that contains the pen and pad that holds the ink and the back portion that basically keeps the Sharpie from drying out when its capped or spilling ink on your hands when you write.Hold the writing part of the pen down, as if you were going to write with it. Youre going to use gravity to feed the new solvent into the Sharpie.Drip 91% alcohol (or one of the other solvents) onto the ink pad (same piece, but opposite side of the writing part of the pen). Continue adding liquid until the pad seems saturated.Put the two pieces of the Sharpie back together again and cap the Sharpie. If you like, you can shake the pen, but it doesnt really make a difference. Allow a couple of minutes for the solvent to completely saturate the pen. The solvent needs a bit of time to work its way into the nib of the pen, but you dont need to wet the writing part to get the ink flowi ng. Uncap the Sharpie and use it. It will be good as new! Just remember to recap the pen tightly before storing it for future use or youll be back to square one again.

3 D optimization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

3 D optimization - Research Paper Example Problems in 3-D dynamics are usually tackled using a combination of different fundamental approaches. These approaches include experimental fluid dynamics, theoretical fluid dynamics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD is what has opened the ‘three approach’ in the field of aerodynamics. CFD has had a big role to play in the analysis of aerodynamic configurations so as to aid the design process. The availability of high performance computing platforms have also aided in the development of aerodynamics (Reuther, Alonso & Jameson 1996). Both the mesh morpher algorithm and the direct search algorithm are gradient based optimization techniques. When using these designs in a 3D element optimization airfoil, the control function is parameterized with some set of design variables and a suitable cost function is either minimized or maximized. In order to show the dependence between the cost function and control function governing equations are introduced. The sensitivity derivatives of the cost function in retrospect to design variables are introduced in order to get a direction of improvement. The convergence to a minimum or maximum is achieved when the procedure is repeated. A fast and accurate way of calculating the necessary gradient information is imperative in developing a design that is effective and this is often the most time consuming part in the design algorithm. Therefore, this should be put into consideration when a very large number of design variables as in the case of the three dimensional wing shape desi gn are concerned. The plan of this research strategy is to produce 3D multi-element airfoil design and optimization mechanism that can adapt a model (3D airfoil) delivering enhanced aerodynamic performance in terms of maximizing lift to drag ratio under landing and takeoff flight situation (Reuther, Alonso & Jameson 1996). Processing the multi-element

Biology of Androgens and Estrogens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biology of Androgens and Estrogens - Essay Example In the males androgens produced by the testes and adrenal cortex contribute to the male sex hormones circulating in the blood. Adrenal androgens normally have little physiological effect other than a role in development before the start of puberty in both girls and boys. This is because the male sex hormone activity of the adrenal androgens is weak. Androgens regulate male secondary sexual characteristics and can cause virilizing symptoms in women. Normally androgens are secreted mainly from the male testes, but moderate amount is also secreted from the adrenal gland. Normally adrenal androgens have a minimal effect in males whose sexual characteristics are predominately determined by gonadal steroids such as testosterone. On the contrary, in disease states in females, several androgen-like effects, such as, sexual hair, are largely mediated by adrenal androgens. The principal adrenal androgens are DHEA, androstenedione, and 11-hydroxyandrostenedione. DHEA and androstenedione are wea k androgens and exert their effects via conversion to the potent androgen testosterone in extraglandular tissues. DHEA also has poorly understood effects on the immune and cardiovascular systems. Adrenal androgen formation is regulated by ACTH, not by gonadotropins, thus are suppressed by exogenous glucocorticoid administration. The male reproductive system regulates sexual differentiation, virilization, and the hormonal changes that accompany puberty, ultimately leading to spermatogenesis and fertility. Under the control of the pituitary hormones, namely, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the Leydig cells of the testes produce testosterone and germ cells are nurtured by Sertoli cells to divide, differentiate, and mature into sperm (Holdcraft, RW. and Braun, RE., 2004).. Estrogens Steroidal estrogens arise from androstenedione or testosterone by aromatization of the A ring. The reaction is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzyme complex. The ovaries are the principal source of circulating estrogen in premenopausal women, with estradiol being the main secretory product. Gonadotropins, acting via receptors that couple to the Gs-adenylyl cyclase-cyclic AMP pathway, increase the activities of aromatase. The follicular theca cells, under control of LH, produce androgens that diffuse to the follicular granulosa cells, where they are converted to estrogens via an FSH-supported aromatization reaction. Estrogens are endogenous hormones that produce numerous physiological actions. In women, these include developmental effects, neuroendocrine actions involved in the control of ovulation, the cyclical preparation of the reproductive tract for fertilization and implantation, and major actions on mineral, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Estrogens also have important actions in males, including effects on bone, spermatogenesis, and behavior. In postmenopausal women, the principal source of circulating estrogen is adipose tissue stroma, where estrone is synthesized from dehydroepiandrosterone secreted by the adrenals. In men, estrogens are produced by the testes, but extragonadal production by aromatization of circulating C19 steroids accounts for most circulating estrogens. Thus, the level of estrogens is regulated in part by the availability of androgenic precursors. Estrogenic effects most often have

The Methods of Job Analysis and Job Design in the HR Function Essay Example for Free

The Methods of Job Analysis and Job Design in the HR Function Essay There aren’t many differences in job descriptions for an Employment Assistant example in my text and the Marketing Account Representative position at Alliance Worldwide on Monster.com. The job description for the Employment Assistant position is summarized and straight to the point. Instead of providing the company’s history, the job description actually describes the position. In the Human Resources Management department, the selected individuals must perform professional HR work such as employee recruitment and selection, maintaining files, and other duties. In this position, you must work under general supervision as well. The Marketing Account Representative position is a little different. The description for this position is mostly the history of the company such as willing to hire candidates at an entry-level position and training them into Branch Management. There are different position titles between this entry-level position, and with each promotion, you will be an expert in your previous field and entry-level in another, maintaining a teacher and student mentality. One of the differences is the responsibilities between being in Human Resources Management than a Marketing Representative is that there weren’t any business opportunities available. The job opportunities for Marketing Representatives at Alliance Worldwide are presented immediately upon hiring. Some of the opportunities includes developing entry-level skills and gradually grow to train others. Despite of the different job descriptions of these two positions, each job includes a great deal of education, hard work and training, and the ability to perform.

The Complementarity of Scientific and Religious Modes of Understanding

Scientific and religious approaches to comprehending reality are deeply complementary. I do not use the word ‘deeply’ for emphasis alone: the qualities that science and religion hold in common are anything but obvious. Viewed on the surface, science and religion often appear to be at odds. Details and dogmas frequently conflict, and misperceptions originating on either side can lead to rejection of the unfamiliar system. At the lofty level of philosophical abstraction, a satisfying reconciliation of science and religion will likely always remain elusive. At the level of personal experience, however, incorporating scientific and religious modes of understanding is not only possible, it is profoundly enriching. The impulses, methods, and themes that define both science and religion are strikingly similar. Curiosity and an insatiable desire to make sense of the world are qualities that are innate to human life; unsurprisingly, these impulses are the driving force behind bot h scientific and religious explorations. The means that facilitate such explorations are fundamentally alike as well: both science and religion are system-driven, with an emphasis on unflagging action in the pursuit of greater understanding. Finally, both scientific and religious modes of understanding inexorably return to a common set of recurrent themes, emphasizing the creativity, dynamism, and unity of the world we perceive. Curiosity is instinctive in humans. We are born knowing nothing but impatient to know all: where did we come from? Why are we here? How are we to live? Such questions represent more than a simple probing for objective "facts": they are attempts to derive meaning and order from the observed world. Responses to these questions often take t... ...we live in. Â   Isaiah 40: 3-8 The voice of one crying in the wilderness: "Prepare the way of the Lord; Make straight in the desert A highway for our God. Every valley shall be exalted And every mountain and hill brought low; The crooked places shall be made straight And the rough places smooth; The glory of the Lord shall be revealed, And all flesh shall see it together; For the mouth of the Lord has spoken." The voice said, "Cry out!" And he said, "What shall I cry?" "All flesh is grass, And all its loveliness is like the flower of the field. The grass withers, the flower fades, Because the breath of the Lord blows upon it; Surely the people are grass. The grass withers, the flower fades, Because the breath of the Lord blows upon it, Surely the people are grass. The grass withers, the flower faces, But the word of our God stands forever."

A good and simple example is given by Fromlet

One fundamental notion in the finance and economic fields with regards to decision making has always been based on the underlying assumption that individuals or decision making agents are rational and objective. However, in many cases, rationalistic explanations have failed to answer major financial occurrences in the past.A good and simple example is given by Fromlet (2001), In 2001 the Swedish currency – the crown- was seriously undervalued in the foreign exchange market despite the fact that Swedish economy enjoyed a good economic growth record, had the lowest inflation rate among the 12 European Monetary union members, surplus government budget and a good, positive balance of payment position. Thus in this case all the rationalistic theories could not adequately explain the weakening of the crown given the fact that all economic indicators showed that it should be stronger.According to many theorists, even though realism cannot be attained, a good theoretical model should include mechanisms that help in relaxing as much assumptions as possible to attain a near realistic empirically based theory. Most of the traditional and neoclassical financial theory such as the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and expected utility theory (EUT) are based on the unrealistic assumptions that can be explained as:†¢ Representative agents and players in the financial market are rational therefore base their decisions with the objective of maximizing wealth therefore asset pricing reflect the real value of the asset at any particular time (Thaler, 1999). †¢ The market given time will settle on an equilibrium point and that the equilibrium price reflects the real value of the asset that can rationally be explained using traditional theories (Ideal or rationally explained equilibrium) (Thaler, 1999).Behavioral finance is a relatively new field of study that has made tremendous progress in the attempt to answer these unrealistic assumptions and offer an alternat ive explanation of the financial market. Behavioral finance holds that the market is unrealistic due to the human element; therefore, in evaluation of financial market decision making and market condition, financial theories should recognize the role of human behavior in financial assets price determination.The composition of financial investors is diverse from fathers and mothers, household, spouses, students, businessmen, government leaders etc. are all decision makers in the financial market thus the assumption of rationality as provided by these theories is unrealistic (Ritter, 2003). These paper is an in depth evaluation of the behavioral theory and its application in the financial market. The paper will look at the strength and weaknesses of behavioral finance in an attempt to show its applicability as a tool in the financial market.Definition and description of behavioral finance. Behavioral finance is an empirically based theory, Behavioral finance theorists argue that to un derstand the performance and decision making in market, it important to integrate psychological and behavioral variables and classical financial theories in decision making and market atmosphere. According to this theory, the market is sometimes information inefficient and participants do not often make decision rationally.Behavioral finance uses to main concepts namely cognitive psychology and limits to arbitrage. Cognitive psychology as applied in behavioral finance focuses on behavioral factors influencing investor’s decision making or how people think; it postulates that investors make systematic errors in the manner they think and this contributes to irrationality in decision making. For instance, some investors might be overconfident and end up loosing due making investment decision based on this behavioral trait.This cognitive biases lead to irrational decision and can explain the weaknesses of classical financial theories with regards to why the market fails to attain equilibrium or conceptual expectation of rational investor decision in the financial market. (Ritter, 2003). Cognitive biases. Cognitive psychologists hold that there several cognitive biases that affect investor’s decisions in the market, as mentioned this biases lead investors to make systematic errors hence explaining irrationality in the financial market.This paper will highlight the cognitive biases by combining some of the documented behavioral patterns in arguing the case and behavior finance model case in the financial market it should be noted that psychological patterns and behavior categories as presented are interlinked to the extent that an individual can make decisions due to several behavioral patterns (Fromlet, 2001): 1/n Heuristics or rule of thumb. Heuristics or the rule of thumb is one common behavioral technique applied in decision making.According to the definition (as quoted in Fromlet, 2001), â€Å" heuristic means ‘use of experience and practic al efforts to answer questions or to improve performance. † Heuristics mean fast, selective interpretation of information, determined to a high extent by intuition–taking into account that the conclusions may not give the desired results because of the velocity and/or the incompleteness in the decision-making. †This technique makes it easier for investor’s since information in the market usually spreads faster, changes often and has become more complicated to interpret. Therefore, given various options many investors use the 1/n rule by spreading their funds equally or proportionately on the available options since it is easier than choosing the rational option based on the information hence introducing irrationality in the market in terms of decision making.A good example is if in a given financial market six different economic indicators are published, economists and investors have to assimilate and use the information as fast as they can to take advantag e of the market, some result to heuristic approach. This sometimes leads to suboptimal results and explains the difference between the ideal classical financial market of a rational investor and the real world. (Fromlet, 2001 and Ritter, 2003).Thaler (1999), argue that from empirical evidence collected in their research most individuals investing for retirement have little or no knowledge of the financial market hence uses the rule of thumb or 1/n heuristic approach to make decisions on where to put there retirement savings. Overconfidence and preference for certain information. Another pattern that manifests itself and lead to irrationality in decision making in the financial market is overconfidence.Ritter (2003), notes that entrepreneurs tend to be overconfident and hence invest too much in stocks or options that they are familiar with. This can be termed as an irrational tendency to the extent that it leads overconfident entrepreneurs tend to limit their options by not diversify ing their portfolio hence irrational since they tie up their assets (for example real estates) to the company they are familiar with partly due to the fact that they would feel in control of local familiar stocks compared to high returns stocks that are outside their control, this is referred to as control illusions.A good example world over is the fact that most workers tend to invest too much in the company they work for and this has led to loss of entire savings to many of the companies in the event of insolvency (see Ritter, 2003 pg. 434 for examples). Furthermore, it was noted that generally, men are more overconfident than women and this behavior extends to investment decisions. It was found out in a research by Bernard and Odeon (2001 as quoted in Ritter 2003) that the more men on average perform worse than women and this is partly attributed to the fact that they are overconfident than women.